Ikraam-Tudor+battles

Tudor Battles

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The Battle of Bosworth was fought on August 22 nd 1485. Henry Tudor had marched with his force from Milford Haven in Wales where he had landed with about 2000 men. The Battle of Bosworth is one of England’s defining battles as it ended the reign of Richard III and led to Henry Tudor becoming Henry VII, the first of the Tudor monarchs, a dynasty that lasted to 1603 and included the reign of two of England’s most famous monarchs – Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I. To launch his campaign against Richard III, Henry needed money. This he got from Charles VIII of France who hoped that a conflict in England would suitably distract any attention away from his wish to take Brittany. Henry sailed from Harfleur on August 1 st with a force of between 400 and 500 loyal followers and about 1500 French soldiers. The force landed at Milford Haven on August 7 th and marched north along the Cardigan coastline before turning inland towards the Cambrian Mountains and then the River Severn which he followed to the English border. By August 12 th, Henry had won the support of the most influential landowner in South Wales – Rhys ap Thomas – who had been promised the Lieutenancy of Wales if Henry won. However, regardless of his support in Wales, Henry needed more support in England. He turned to his step-father Lord Stanley and his brother Sir William Stanley. They owned large areas of land in north Wales and in the Border region. Both men secretly gave money to Henry – Lord Stanley’s eldest son was being held prisoner by Richard III as an insurance of good behaviour. The uncle of the Earl of Shrewsbury, Gilbert Thomas, also gave his support to Henry along with 500 men. Richard III was at Nottingham Castle when he learned about Henry’s invasion. He did nothing as he assumed that the major landowners of Wales would see Henry as a threat and group their forces together and attack him. When he realised that he had made a mistake, Richard marched his forces to Leicester. The two armies fought two-and-a-half miles south of Market Bosworth. Henry had a force of about 5000 men while Richard’s army probably was nearer 12,000. However, 4,000 of these soldiers belonged to the Stanley family and no one was sure if the Stanley’s could be trusted. It is thought that Richard did not trust Lord Stanley as he had a reputation of fighting for whoever he felt was going to be the most generous in victory. For Richard it was to be a shrewd judgement of character – and one that led to his death. The fighting began early in the morning of August 22 nd. The two Stanley armies stayed away from the actual fighting at this stage so that the contest was literally a battle between Richard’s and Henry’s forces. Richard held the crest of Ambien Hill with Henry at the bottom in more marshy land. When Henry’s men charged up the hill, they sustained heavy casualties. However, Henry had recruited long bow men while in Wales and these inflicted equally severe wounds on the forces of Richard as being at the top of a hill did not protect them from a deluge of long bow arrows. Though there are no contemporary accounts of the battle, it is generally accepted that it lasted about two to three hours. Casualties on both sides were heavy. What turned the battle seems to have been a decision made by Richard III to target Henry himself. Henry was seen making a move to where Lord Stanley was almost certainly with the intent to urge Stanley to use his forces on Henry’s side. With some trusted men Richard charged at Henry. He nearly succeeded in getting to Henry, and Tudor’s standard bearer, William Brandon, who was very near his leader, was killed. However, Henry’s bodyguards closed ranks and the future king was saved. For the duration of the battle, the forces of the Stanley family had stood by the sides – therefore fulfilling what Richard believed - but at this critical moment the army of Sir William Stanley attacked Richard, seemingly coming to the aid of Henry. Richard was killed and his forces broke up and fled. Lord Stanley picked up the slain Richard’s crown and placed it on Henry’s head. Richard’s naked body was put over a mule and taken to Leicester to be buried. The defeat of Richard ended the reign of the Plantagenet’s and introduced the reign of the Tudors. By marrying Elizabeth of York, Henry unified both houses of Lancaster and York.

** Ancrum Moor, Battle of ** > 27 February 1545. English defeated by the Scots at Ancrum Moor. ** Blackheath, Battle of ** > 17 June 1497.The battle at the end of the Cornish Rebellion, with Giles, Lord Daubeney victorious over the rebel leaders. Sometimes referred to as The Battle of Deptford Bridge. ** Bosworth Field, Battle of ** > 22 August 1485. Henry Tudor's forces defeated the army of Richard III at Bosworth Field in Leicestershire (near the town of Market Bosworth). Richard III was killed in the battle and Henry Tudor succeeded as Henry VII. Henry's forces were substantially aided by Sir William Stanley's troops deserting to the Tudor side. ** Carberry Hill, Battle of ** > 15 June 1567. Scottish nobles were victorious at Carberry Hill (near Edinburgh). The Earl of Bothwell fled after the defeat. ** Cornish Rebellion ** > 1497. 15,000 Cornish rebels marched against London to protest taxes for a war in Scotland. The leaders were Lord Audley, Michael Joseph and Thomas Flamank. Leaders executed and rebels heavily fined. Ended by the Battle of Blackheath. ** Deputy's Pass ** > 29 May 1599. Earl of Essex's army defeated in Ireland at Deputy's Pass, County Wicklow. ** Dussindale, Battle of ** > 27 August 1549. The battle that ended Kett's Rebellion. Forces of foreign mercenaries led by the Earl of Warwick. ** Essex Rebellion ** > February 1601. The Earl of Essex created a conspiracy and tried to raise London in his support to move against Elizabeth. The rebellion fails and he was executed on 25 February 1601. ** Flodden, Battle of ** > 7-9 September 1513. Battle between James IV of Scotland and Henry VIII of England. James IV was killed and succeeded by James V who was an infant. His mother, Margaret Tudor (sister to Henry VIII), took over as Regent. ** Kett's Rebellion ** > 12 July 1549. Robert Kett (a Norfolk tanner and landowner) and his followers camped near Norwich in protest against enclosures and exploitation. They also expressed problems with the clergy but adopted the new Prayer Book. The rebellion was defeated at the Battle of Dussindale on 27 August. ** Kinsale, Battle of ** > 24 December1601. Irish forces of Tyrone and Tyrconnel aided by the Spanish battle the English and are defeated. ** Northern Earls Rebellion ** > November 1569. The Duke of Norfolk was imprisoned in the Tower and the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland were asked to answer for their part in a conspiracy to marry the Duke of Norfolk and Mary Queen of Scots. The earls rebelled. On 14 November the rebels entered Durham and restored Catholic worship in its cathedral. They retreated when the Earl of Sussex raised an army against them. ** Pilgrimage of Grace Rebellion ** > October 1537 to 1537. A revolt in defence of the old religion and the economy in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cumberland, Westmorland, Northumberland and Durham in 1536. Leaders tried and executed following additional unrest in early 1537. ** Pinkie, Battle of ** > 10 September 1547. The Scots are defeated by Somerset's army. ** Samford Courtenay, Battle of ** > 18 August 1549. Defeat of the western rebels (see below) by Lord John Russell near Okehampton. ** Solway Moss, Battle of ** > 24 November 1541. Scots defeated by the English. ** Spurs, Battle of ** > 16 August 1513. Henry VIII led an army of 35,000 from England and lands at Calais. Battle of Spurs at Therouanne (16 August), which surrendered six days later. ** Stoke, Battle of ** > 16 June 1487. Near Newark (not Stoke-on Trent) at which imposter Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln were defeated. ** Western Rebellion ** > June to August 1549. Rising in the West of England against the Prayer Book and Edward VI's religious policies. Ended at the Battle of Samford Courtenay. ** Wyatt's Rebellion ** > 1554. Sir Thomas Wyatt led 4,000 men from Kent to London in January as part of a wider movement to remove Mary I from the throne and stop her marriage to Philip of Spain. The rebels were stopped at Ludgate, where Wyatt surrendered on 7 February. ** Yellow Ford, Battle of ** > 14 August 1598. Irish forces of Tyrone, Tyrconnel and Fermanagh defeat English forces in Ulster. ** Yorkshire Rebellion ** > 1489. Earl of Northumberland murdered while collecting a tax to pay for the war in Brittany. Rioting led by Sir John Egremont. The rebellion was surpressed by the Earl of Surrey > > Bosworth is a site of national historic significance, being the location of one of the three most important battles fought on British soil. It is the site where the Battle of Bosworth took place in 1485, and infamous as the place where King Richard III lost his life and crown to Henry Tudor and thus where the Tudor dynasty was born. Shakespeare immortalised Richard III, a King betrayed, unhorsed, surrounded by his enemies and finally calling out “A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse.” > The Wars of The Roses consisted of a series of battles fought between 1454 and 1485 by two rival branches of the same royal family for the control of the English throne. A contemporary name for the conflict was 'The Cousins' War'.Although some members of the houses of York and Lancaster did have white and red roses on their heraldry, the term Wars of the Roses was not used untill much later. > Between 1454 and 1471 the houses of Lancaster and York fought thirteen battles with the Yorkist Edward IV winning the eventual victory. Richard III was Edward’s youngest brother and succeeded him to the throne in 1483. Fourteen years after the last battle of the Wars of the Roses, Richard III rode into battle once more, losing his life and his throne to Henry Tudor on the 22nd August 1485. > Read the full story of the __[|Battle of Bosworth Field]__ and read about our __[|Archaeology]__ projects and findings here > ty. || > > > The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought in medieval England from 1455 to 1487. For thirty - two years, a bitter struggle for the English throne was waged between two branches on the same family, the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both descended from Edward lll. > The War of the Roses began in 1455, when many barons resented the way that the Lancaster family had seized the throne in 1399 and felt that [|Henry V, IV] or [|VI] were not the rightful kings. (Henry IV, the first Lancastrian King, came to the English throne by force. He made his cousin Richard ll, abdicate, and then seized the crown himself.) According to the barons, the York family, cousins of the Lancasters, were truly entitled to reign. > The Battle of Stoke is considered by most people as the final conflict in the Wars of the Roses. > **Each house was represented by a rose.** > The Struggle for power was know as the War of the Roses because the Lancaster emblem was a red rose and the York emblem a white rose. > The House of York used a white rose. || > The House of Lancaster used a red rose. || > || > ||  [|King Richard III] **The Battle of Bosworth 1485** >   > The battle of Bosworth is one of the most important battles in English history. It led to the War of the Roses, and planted the Tudor house on the throne of England. > **What happened the battle of Bosworth?** > [|Henry Tudor], (Henry VII), earl of Richmond and a Lancastrian, defeated King Richard III, a Yorkist, at the battle of **Bosworth Field** on 22 August **1485**. >  Richard III (on the right) and his flag bearer > **Battle of Bosworth saw the death of Richard III**Richard III was the last English monarch to have been killed in battle. >   > Henry Tudor landed at Milford Haven on 7 August in an attempt to claim the throne of England. He gathered supporters on his journey through Wales, and by the time he arrived in the Midlands, he had amassed an army of an estimated 5,000 men. Richard III, on the other hand, had an army of nearly 8,000. > > **After the battle, Henry Tudor** was crowned as [|King Henry VII], marking the beginning of the 118-year reign of the Tudor dynasty in England. > Henry Vll (representing the Lancaster family) married Elizabeth of York (representing the York family). This marriage united the two families. Henry created the **Tudor rose**, containing both the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. It symbolized the end of a struggle between York and Lancaster, > More information > [|**The Battle of Bosworth**] What do we really know about the battle? Bosworth facts and Bosworth legends. >
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 * [|Henry Tudor] ||